What do pencil grades mean?

Pencil grades run from 9H (hardest, lightest) through H, F, HB, B to 9B (softest, darkest). H stands for hard, B for black. HB is the middle of the scale. Higher H numbers are harder and lighter; higher B numbers are softer and darker.

How many pencil grades do I need?

For most drawing work, 4-6 grades cover a good tonal range. Quick sketching may only need 2-3 grades, while detailed tonal studies benefit from 6-8 grades for subtle value transitions.

What is the best pencil grade for beginners?

Start with HB, 2B and 4B. HB gives you a mid-tone for outlines, 2B for general shading, and 4B for deeper shadows. This minimal set covers most beginner drawing needs.

Does paper type affect pencil grade choice?

Yes. Smooth paper (like Bristol) works best with harder grades (H to 2B) for fine detail. Textured paper (like cartridge) grips softer pencils better and is ideal for 2B-6B range work with expressive mark-making.

ArtCalcs

Pencil Grade Calculator — Find the Right Pencils

Find the right pencil grade range for your drawing style and subject matter.

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How We Calculate This

This calculator recommends pencil grades based on your drawing style and the tonal range of your subject.

How it works

Style: Different drawing styles favour different parts of the pencil grade scale
Subject tone: Light subjects need harder pencils, dark subjects need softer ones
Grade count: The calculator recommends the minimum set of grades for your needs

Technical drawing favours the harder end (H grades) for precise lines, while portrait and tonal work uses softer grades (B range) for rich darks and smooth blending.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Last updated: February 2026

All calculations are estimates. Always verify quantities before purchasing materials.